Infertility

Clinical information

Unwanted childlessness is a growing problem with which up to 20% of all couples in reproductive age are confronted temporarily or long-term. Infertility may be caused by antibodies against various tissues and cells that are essential for reproduction. In 20% of cases of immunologically mediated fertility disorders, anti-spermatozoa antibodies are detected (autoantibodies in men or alloantibodies in women). These antibodies primarily impair the mobility of the spermatozoa through surface binding and through agglutination processes.

Antibodies against ovarian antigens can be detected in women with primary ovarian insufficiency and after repeated in vitro fertilisation. The autoantibodies are directed against various ovarian structures and inhibit the maturation of the egg and its interaction with spermatozoa. Target antigens are steroid-producing enzymes – especially in the theca interna cells – and the zona pellucida.

Diagnostics

The IIFT: Spermatozoa can detect serum antibodies against spermatozoa using indirect immunofluorescence.

Techniques

Method
Parameter
Substrate
Species
IIFT
antibodies against ovary: theca cells
(ovary ab control)
IIFT
spermatozoa
smear
human
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